| The Illuminati is the name of many groups, modern and historical, real and fictitious, verified and alleged. Most commonly The Illuminati refers specifically to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment secret society. However, it often refers to an alleged shadowy conspiratorial organization that controls world affairs behind the scenes, usually a modern incarnation or continuation of the Bavarian Illuminati. Illuminati is sometimes used synonymously with New World Order. The Free State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a period which includes the Age of Reason. ... A secret society is an organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation—from outsiders. ... A conspiracy theory attempts to explain the ultimate cause of an event (usually a political, social, or historical event) as a secret, and often deceptive, plot by a covert alliance of powerful people or organizations rather than as an overt activity or as natural occurrence. ... It has been suggested that Black helicopter conspiracy theory be merged into this article or section. ...
Origins Since 'Illuminati' translates to 'enlightened ones' in Latin, it is natural that several unrelated historical groups have identified themselves as Illuminati. Often, this was due to claims of possessing gnostic texts or other arcane information not generally available. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The designation illuminati was in use from the 14th century by the Brethren of the Free Spirit. In the 15th century the name was adopted by other enthusiasts who claimed that the illuminating light came, not by communication from an authoritative or secret source, but from within, as the result of exalted consciousness, or "enlightenment". This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... The Brethren of the Free Spirit (Brüder und Schwestern des Freien Geistes) was a medieval heretical pantheistic movement. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... For other uses, see Enlightenment. ...
Alumbrados of Spain To the gnostic class belong the alumbrados of Spain. The historian Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo found the name as early as 1492 (in the form aluminados, 1498), and traced the group to a Gnostic origin. He thought their views were promoted in Spain through influences from Italy. One of their earliest leaders, born in Salamanca, was a labourer's daughter known as La Beata de Piedrahita. She came to the notice of the Inquisition in 1511, by claiming to hold colloquies with Jesus and the Virgin Mary; some high patronage saved her from a rigorous denunciation. (Menéndez Pelayo, Los Heterodoxos Españoles, 1881, vol. V.). Ignatius of Loyola, while studying at Salamanca in 1527, was brought before an ecclesiastical commission on a charge of sympathy with the alumbrados, but escaped with an admonition. Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo (November 3, 1856 - May 2, 1912) was a Spanish scholar and critic. ... 1492 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1498 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Salamanca: Plaza Mayor Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Salamanca Salamanca (population 157,906 (2003)) is a castilian city in central Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca in the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. ... La Beata de Piedrahita (died 1511), was an untutored Spanish mystic of the early 16th century, whose particular visionary character links her with the much earlier Cathars of southern France and demonstrates the continuity of Catharist heretical beliefs in peasant society. ... // Pedro Berruguete. ... 1511 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jesus (8–2 BC/BCE — 29–36 AD/CE),[1] also known as Jesus of Nazareth, is the central figure of Christianity. ... Saint Mary and Saint Mary the Virgin both redirect here. ... 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Ignatius of Loyola Saint Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Ignacio (Ã�ñigo) López de Loyola (December 24, 1491 – July 31, 1556), was the principal founder and first Superior General of the Society of Jesus, a religious order of the Catholic Church professing direct service to the Pope in terms... Events January 5 - Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, was drowned in the Limmat River in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. ...
Others were not so fortunate. In 1529 a congregation of naïve adherents at Toledo was subjected to whippings and imprisonment. Greater rigors followed, and for about a century alleged connection with the alumbrados sent many to the Inquisition, especially at Córdoba. Events April 22 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal, stipulating that the dividing line should lie 297. ... Location within Europe, Spain and Andalusia Córdoba, the Roman bridge and the Mosque-Cathedral View across the old Roman bridge towards the Mezquita Interior court of the Mezquita Córdoba is a city in AndalucÃa, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. ...
Illuminés of France The movement (under the name of Illuminés) seems to have reached France from Seville in 1623, and attained some following in Picardy when joined (1634) by Pierce Guerin, curé of Saint-Georges de Roye, whose followers, known as Gurinets, were suppressed in 1635. Seville (Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain, irrigated by the river Guadalquivir (, ). It is the capital of Andalusia and of the province of Sevilla. ... Events August 6 - Pope Urban VIII is elected to the Papacy. ... wazzup Categories: | ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Events February 10 - The Académie française in Paris is expanded to become a national academy for the artistic elite. ...
A century later, another, more obscure body of Illuminés came to light in the south of France in 1722, and appears to have lingered till 1794, having affinities with those known contemporaneously in the United Kingdom as 'French Prophets', an offshoot of the Camisards. // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, a revolt by the Camisards (Occitan camisa, smock or shirtsleeves) broke out in 1702, in the rugged and isolated Cevennes region of south-central France, the traditional heartland of religious heterodoxy (see Cathar). ...
Rosicrucians Different from the lluminés were the Rosicrucians, who claimed to have originated in 1407, but rose to notice in 1614 when their main text Fama Fraternitatis appeared. As a secret society, they claimed to combine the possession of esoteric principles of religion with the mysteries of alchemy. Their positions are described in three anonymous treatises from 1614 (mentioned in Richard and Giraud, Dictionnaire universel des sciences ecclésiastiques, Paris 1825), as well as in the Confessio Fraternitatis of 1615. Rosicrucians also claimed heritage from the Knights Templar. The Temple of the Rosy Cross, Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens, 1618 The Rosicrucians are a legendary and secretive order dating from the 15th or 17th century, generally associated with the symbol of the Rose Cross, which is also used in certain rituals of the Freemasons. ... Events November 20 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... The Fama Fraternitatis Rosae Crucis (Fama fraternitatis Roseae Crucis oder Die Bruderschaft des Ordens der Rosenkreuzer), or simply the Fama Fraternitatis, is a Rosicrucian manifesto published in 1614 in Kassel (Germany). ... A secret society is an organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation—from outsiders. ... For other uses, see Alchemy (disambiguation). ... Events April 5 - In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe. ... The Confessio Fraternitatis (Confessio oder Bekenntnis der Societät und Bruderschaft Rosenkreuz), or simply The Confessio, printed in Kassel (Germany) in 1615, is the second of a trio of Rosicrucian pamphlets (manifestos) declaring the existence of a secret brotherhood of alchemists and sages who were thought to be preparing to... The Seal of the Knights — the two riders have been interpreted as a sign of poverty or the duality of monk/soldier. ...
Martinists Later, the title Illuminati was applied to the French Martinists, which had been founded in 1754 by Martinez Pasqualis, and to their imitators the Russian Martinists, headed about 1790 by Professor Schwartz of Moscow; both were occultist cabalists and allegorists, absorbing eclectic ideas from Jakob Boehme and Emanuel Swedenborg. Martinism is the mystical tradition started in 18th century France by Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin. ... 1754 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Martinism is the mystical tradition started in 18th century France by Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin. ... Martinism is the mystical tradition started in 18th century France by Louis-Claude de Saint-Martin. ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Moscow (disambiguation). ... For other uses of this term, see occult (disambiguation). ... This article is about the overall Jewish mysticisms tradition. ... An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, other, and αγορευειν, agoreuein, to speak in public) is a figurative mode of representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. ... Idealized portrait of Böhmes from Theosophia Revelata (1730) Jakob Böhme (1575–1624) was a Christian mystic born in central Germany, near Görlitz. ... Emanuel Swedenborg, 75, holding the manuscript of Apocalypsis Revelata (1766). ...
The Bavarian Illuminati
History A movement of freethinkers that were the most radical offshoot of The Enlightenment — whose adherents were given the name Illuminati (but who called themselves "Perfectibilists") — was founded on May 1, 1776 by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 1830), who was the first lay professor of canon law. The group has also been called the Illuminati Order, the Order of the Illuminati, and the Bavarian Illuminati. In 1777, Karl Theodor, Elector of Palatinate, succeeded as ruler of Bavaria. He was a proponent of Enlightened Despotism and in 1784, his government banned all secret societies, including the Illuminati and the Freemasons. It has been suggested that Freethinking be merged into this article or section. ... The Age of Enlightenment refers to the 18th century in European philosophy, and is often thought of as part of a period which includes the Age of Reason. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... This article is about the year 1776. ... Johann Adam Weishaupt (* 6 February 1748 in Ingolstadt; †18 November 1830 in Gotha) was a German who founded the Order of the Illuminati. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Canon law is the term used for the internal ecclesiastical law which governs various churches, most notably the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches and the Anglican Communion of churches. ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Karl Theodor (born in 1724) reigned as Duke of Bavaria from 1777 until his death in 1799. ... Enlightened absolutism (also known as enlightened despotism) is the absolutist rule of an enlightened monarch . ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... A secret society is a social organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation or club ceremonies—from outsiders. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ...
The structure of the Illuminati soon collapsed, but while it was in existence many influential intellectuals and progressive politicians counted themselves as members. Its members were supposedly drawn primarily from Masons and former Masons, and although some Masons were known to be members there is no evidence that it was supported by Freemasons. Indeed, membership in the Illuminati, unlike that in Freemasonry, did not require belief in a Supreme Being. As a result, atheists and agnostics, having only the former organization open to them, congregated disproportionately in it; this over-representation, taken along with the Illuminati's largely humanist and anti-clerical bent, likely accounts for many of the charges of atheism leveled at the alleged world conspiracy of which the Illuminati supposedly remain a part. The Masonic Square and Compasses. ... Candidates for regular freemasonry are required to declare a belief in a Supreme Being; a generic description allowing the candidate to adhere to whichever deity or concept he holds to be appropriate. ... Atheism, in its broadest sense, is the absence of theism (the belief in the existence of deities). ... Agnosticism is the philosophical view that the (truth) values of certain claims—particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities—are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life. ... Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationalism. ...
The Illuminati's members pledged obedience to their superiors, and were divided into three main classes: the first, known as the Nursery, encompassed the ascending degrees or offices of Preparation, Novice, Minerval and Illuminatus Minor; the second, known as the Masonry, consisting of the ascending degrees of Illuminatus Major and Illuminatus dirigens, the latter also sometimes called Scotch Knight; the third, designated the Mysteries, was subdivided into the degrees of the Lesser Mysteries (Presbyter and Regent) and those of the Greater Mysteries (Magus and Rex). Relations with Masonic lodges were established at Munich and Freising in 1780. Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... Freising is a city in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the district Freising. ... 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The order had its branches in most countries of the European continent; its members were reportedly around 2,000 members in the span of 10 years. The scheme had its attraction for literary men, such as Goethe and Herder, and even for the reigning dukes of Gotha and Weimar. Internal rupture preceded its downfall, which was effected by an edict of the Bavarian government in 1785. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Johann Gottfried Herder Johann Gottfried von Herder (August 25, 1744 – December 18, 1803), German poet, critic, theologian, and philosopher, is best known for his influence on authors such as Goethe and the role he played in the development of the larger cultural movement known as romanticism. ... Gotha is a Kreis (district) in the middle of Thuringia, Germany. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Cultural effect The Bavarian Illuminati have cast a long shadow in popular history thanks to the writings of their opponents; the lurid allegations of conspiracy that have colored the image of the Freemasons have practically opaqued that of the Illuminati. In 1797, Abbé Augustin Barruél published Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism outlining a vivid conspiracy theory involving the Knights Templar, the Rosicrucians, the Jacobins and the Illuminati. A Scottish Mason and professor of natural history named John Robison started to publish Proofs of a Conspiracy Against all the Religions and Governments of Europe in 1798. Robison claimed to present evidence of an Illuminati conspiracy striving to replace all world religions with humanism and all nations with a single world government. A conspiracy theory attempts to explain the ultimate cause of an event (usually a political, social, or historical event) as a secret, and often deceptive, plot by a covert alliance of powerful people or organizations rather than as an overt activity or as natural occurrence. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... Abbé Augustin Barruél (October 2, 1741 - October 5, 1820) was a Jesuit priest mostly known for originally inventing the conspiracy theory involving the Knights Templar, the Bavarian Illuminati and the Jacobins in his book Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (original title Mémoires pour servir à lHistoire du... A conspiracy theory attempts to explain the ultimate cause of an event (usually a political, social, or historical event) as a secret, and often deceptive, plot by a covert alliance of powerful people or organizations rather than as an overt activity or as natural occurrence. ... The Seal of the Knights — the two riders have been interpreted as a sign of poverty or the duality of monk/soldier. ... The Temple of the Rose Cross, Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens, 1618. ... In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794). ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... John Robison (February 4, 1739 - January 30, 1805) was a Scottish physicist and inventor. ... Humanism is a broad category of active ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationalism. ...
More recently, Antony C. Sutton suggested that the secret society Skull and Bones was founded as the American branch of the Illuminati; others think Scroll and Key had Illuminati origins, as well. Writer Robert Gillette claimed that these Illuminati ultimately intend to establish a world government through assassination, bribery, blackmail, the control of banks and other financial powers, the infiltration of governments, mind control, and by causing wars and revolution to move their own people into higher positions in the political hierarchy. Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Emblem of the Skull and Bones society Skull and Bones is one of the secret societies based at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut. ... The Scroll and Key Society is a secret society that was established by John Addison Porter and others at Yale University in 1842. ... World government is the concept of a political body that would make, interpret and enforce international law. ... Assassination is the deliberate killing of an important person, usually a political figure or other strategically important individual. ... Bribery is a crime defined by Blacks Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions as an official or other person in discharge of a public or legal duty. ... For other uses, see Blackmail (disambiguation). ... The First Provincial Bank of Taiwan in Taipei, Republic of China was formerly the central bank of Taiwan Province and issued the New Taiwan dollar. ... See: espionage, urban exploration, entryism, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. ... Mind control (or thought control) has the premise that an outside source can control an individuals thinking, behavior or consciousness (either directly or more subtly). ... The United States detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. ... It has been suggested that Revolutionary be merged into this article or section. ... Politics is a process by which decisions are made within groups. ... For the various types of hierarchy, see hierarchy (disambiguation) A hierarchy (in Greek: Ιε�α�χία, it is derived from ιε�ός-hieros, sacred, and ά�χω-arkho, rule) is a system of ranking and organizing things or people, where each element of the system (except for the top element) is subordinate to a single other element. ...
Thomas Jefferson, on the other hand, claimed they intended to spread information and the principles of true morality. He attributed the secrecy of the Illuminati to what he called "the tyranny of a despot and priests". Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 N.S. – July 4, 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and an influential Founder of the United States. ... Morality deals with that which is regarded as right or wrong. ...
Both sides seem to agree that the enemies of the Illuminati were the monarchs of Europe and the Church; Barruél claimed that the French revolution (1789) was engineered and controlled by the Illuminati through the Jacobins, and later theorists even claimed their responsibility for the Russian Revolution (1917), although the order was officially shut down before 1789. Few historians give credence to these views; they regard such claims as the products of over-fertile imaginations. Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... A church building (or simply church) is a building used in Christian worship. ... Liberty Leading the People, a painting by Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 but which has come to be generally accepted as symbolic of French popular uprisings against the monarchy in general. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... In the context of the French Revolution, a Jacobin originally meant a member of the Jacobin Club (1789-1794). ... The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, which, after the elimination of the Russian autocracy system, and the Provisional Government (Duma), resulted in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ...
Conspiracy theorists highlight the link between the Illuminati and Freemasonry. It is also suggested that the United States' founding fathers — some being Freemasons — were rife with corruption from the Illuminati. Often the symbol of the all-seeing pyramid in the Great Seal of the United States is cited as an example of the Illuminati's ever-present watchful eye over Americans. Obverse The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States government. ...
While Weishaupt's group did not survive into the 19th century, several groups have since used the name Illuminati to found their own rites, claiming to be the Illuminati. Such groups include the Grand Lodge Rockefeller of David Goldman (USA), Orden Illuminati of Gabriel López de Rojas (Spain),The Illuminati Order of Solomon Tulbure (USA), and The Illuminati Universal of master Paolo Bortel (BR/PT). Groups describing themselves as Illuminati say they have members and chapters (lodges) throughout the world.
About the time that the Illuminati were outlawed in Bavaria, the Roman Catholic Church prohibited its members from joining Masonic lodges, on pain of excommunication. This was done as a general edict, since the Church believed many lodges to have been infiltrated and subverted by the Illuminati, but was not able to accurately ascertain which ones. Cardinal Ratzinger (later to become Pope Benedict XVI) stated, in a document by the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on November 26, 1983, that the "Church's negative judgment in regard to Masonic associations remains unchanged since their principles have always been considered irreconcilable with the doctrine of the Church and, therefore, membership in them remains forbidden. The faithful, who enroll in Masonic associations are in a state of grave sin and may not receive Holy Communion." Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: , born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on April 16, 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany) is the 265th[1] and reigning Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State. ... The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) (Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) is the oldest of the nine congregations of the Roman Curia. ...
According to Principia Discordia and several other Discordian works, the Bavarian Illuminati was revived or rediscovered in the 20th Century under the leadership of Mordecai Malignatus (Robert Anton Wilson, who also wrote about the group under the pennames Mordecai the Fowl and Reverend Loveshade). In the original Steve Jackson Games card game Illuminati and in the trading card game Illuminati: New World Order that's based on it, the Bavarian Illuminati is an enemy organization of the Discordians. The Loompanics Yellow Cover combined 4th & 5th Edition Principia Discordia, (1979). ... The most famous Discordian works are probably Principia Discordia, first published in 1965 (which includes portions of The Honest Book of Truth); and The Illuminatus! Trilogy, which had its first volume published in 1975. ... Robert Anton Wilson Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born January 18, 1932) is a futurist, libertarian, essayist, and novelist. ... Steve Jackson Games (SJG) is a game company that creates and publishes role-playing, board, and card games. ... Collectible card games (CCGs), also called customizable card games or trading card games, are played using specially designed sets of cards. ... Illuminati: New World Order (INWO) is a collectible card game (CCG) that was released in 1995 by Steve Jackson Games, based on their original boxed game Illuminati. ... Discordianism is a modern, chaos-based religion founded in either 1958 or 1959. ...
See also Arizona Wilder being interviewed in 1998 Arizona Wilder is an American woman who claims to have been born into the Illuminati, and raised in that group by Josef Mengele, whom she claims conducted extensive, horrific psychological experiments on her. ... A conspiracy theory attempts to explain the ultimate cause of an event (usually a political, social, or historical event) as a secret, and often deceptive, plot by a covert alliance of powerful people or organizations rather than as an overt activity or as natural occurrence. ... The Council on Foreign Relations The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American foreign policy think tank based in New York City. ... Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964) is an American author of thriller fiction, best known for writing the controversial 2003 bestselling fiction novel, The Da Vinci Code. ... David Icke David Vaughan Icke, pronounced // (born April 29, 1952) is a former professional football player, reporter, television sports presenter, and British Green Party national spokesperson. ... The most famous Discordian works are probably Principia Discordia, first published in 1965 (which includes portions of The Honest Book of Truth); and The Illuminatus! Trilogy, which had its first volume published in 1975. ... The Masonic Square and Compasses. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... References to the Illuminati in popular culture include the satirical, humorous, and fictional: // Books and comics Illuminatus! by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson is a three-book science fiction series published in the 1970s, which is regarded as a cult classic particularly in the hacker community. ... John Wayne Todd (also known as John Todd Collins[1], Lance Collins, and Christopher Kollyns[2]) was a U.S. evangelist who claimed to have been born into a witchcraft family before converting to Christianity (in 1972, by some accounts). ... Jordan Maxwell has been a researcher and independent scholar in the field of occult and religious philosophy since 1959. ... It has been suggested that Black helicopter conspiracy theory be merged into this article or section. ... Robert Anton Wilson Robert Anton Wilson or RAW (born January 18, 1932) is a futurist, libertarian, essayist, and novelist. ... A secret society is an organization that requires its members to conceal certain activities—such as rites of initiation—from outsiders. ... Michael Tsarion was born in Northern Ireland and is a researcher of the occult. ... References - 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica: "Illuminati"
- America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones — Antony C. Sutton (Trine Day, LLC, 2003)
- Cooper, Milton William (1991). Behold a Pale Horse. Light Technology Publications. ISBN 0929385225.
- The Cosmic Conspiracy — Deyo, Stan (Adventures Unlimited Press, Illinois, 1994)
- The Illuminati 666 — Sutton, Josiah William (Teach Services, Inc, New York, 1983).
- Proof of a Conspiracy Against all the Religions and Governments of Europe — Robison, John A.M. (New York, 1798)
- Die Korrespondenz des Illuminatenordens. Bd. 1, 1776-81. Ed. by Reinhard Markner, Monika Neugebauer-Wölk and Hermann Schüttler. - Tübingen, Max Niemeyer, 2005. - ISBN 3-484-10881-9
- They Cast No Shadows: A Collection of essays on the Illuminati, revisionist history and suppressed technology — Desborough, Brian(Writers Club Press/ iUniverse.com, 2002) ISBN 0595219578
- Barkun, Michael (2003). A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic Visions in Contemporary America. University of California Press, Berkeley. ISBN 0520238052.
- Freemasonry, EWTN Frequently asked questions
- Johnson, George (1983). Architects of Fear: Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia in American Politics. Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher, Inc.. ISBN 0874772753.
Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... William Milton Cooper (May 6, 1943 - November 5, 2001) was an American writer, shortwave broadcaster, militia supporter and conspiracy theorist. ... John Robison (February 4, 1739 - January 30, 1805) was a Scottish physicist and inventor. ... External links
Groups identifying themselves as Illuminati |
